The Importance of USGS Stream Stations in Maryland

Submitted by John Clune, Hydrologist
U.S. Geological Survey

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When is it is raining outside or as the snow melts, water flows over the land or underground into Maryland’s streams.  The quantity and quality of this water in many areas is measured by stream stations maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey.  Water conditions vary throughout the year and over time and a better understanding of these changes is important for human health and aquatic ecosystems.  Stream stations provide data that support a wide array of needs for the public:

• The flow data supports forecasting of droughts and floods;
• Water quality data can be used to help protect water supplies and aquatic life; 
• Flow measurements over time assist engineers with planning, design, and restoration efforts; 
• Stream stations often provide the necessary data for scientific research needed to make management decisions and develop regulatory frameworks, and;
• Lastly, stream stations provide useful data so fisherman, boaters and other outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy Maryland’s streams.

Currently, the stream station on Linganore Creek is a pivotal part of scientific research being done by Frederick County and the U.S. Geological Survey.  Lake Linganore was impounded in 1972 for water supply and recreational use.  The station upstream of the lake records flow measurements that are used to estimate sediment and phosphorus loads to the lake and provides information on upstream watershed processes.   Sediment and phosphorus mobilize during storms and the station is set up to automatically take samples when the height of the stream reaches a certain water level (stage).  The stream station along with other sampling activities provide data to Frederick County that will help them decide where watershed management resources will need to be targeted to protect drinking water, recreation and aquatic uses of Linganore Creek.
To find out more about U.S. Geological Survey stream stations visit http://md.water.usgs.gov/


Streamflow measured by USGS at Linganore Creek near Libertytown, MD (July 16-Sept 14, 2009)